Exploring the Impact of Traditional Leadership on War and Conflict in the Modern Era

By: Yusuf Habiib Hussein (Seer)

Traditional leadership has, thus far, played a very important role in shaping the outcomes of wars and other forms of conflict throughout human history. In this connection, the relevance of the discourse on the impact of traditional leadership on war and conflict remains well within the purview of the modern era. Whereas, at the best level, it can be said that traditional leadership brings about stabilization and order in a situation of conflict, it may, with equal facility, be pointed out that it more often prolongs violence and serves as the precursor for entrenched plays of power that feed into conflict.

One of the ways in which traditional leadership intersects with war and conflict is through the leveraging of tribal or clan allegiances. In many parts of the world, in fact, traditional leaders remain the highest authorities in their communities, with their word being law in most respects. This may result in the enlistment of tribal or clan allegiances for war or toward entrenching powers that exist currently. This often encourages factionalism whereby each traditional leader fights for power and resources, hence making negotiations for peace difficult.

Other ways in which traditional leadership influences war and conflict revolve around the employment of religious or cultural beliefs. In this regard, some traditional leaders use religious or cultural beliefs to sanctify violence or to demonize opposing groups. Because it sometimes leads to the perpetuation of violence, as people take their acts as commended by a higher being. The same way, traditional leaders can use their powers to advance peace and reconciliation by values of forgiveness, compassion, and understanding.

Therefore, it can be argued that modern war and conflict have, in part, been predetermined by traditional leadership. Although in many instances it brings about stability and order, it is equally perpetrating continuous violence and solidifying power relations. Indeed, in this light, an understanding of the ways in which traditional leadership contributes to conflict goes a long way toward developing the means of fostering peace and reconciliation which takes into consideration the perceptions and beliefs of traditional leaders and communities.